Deaf History Month, which runs from March 13 to April 15, celebrates key events in deaf heritage. The month was first recognized in 1997 when the D.C. Public Library hosted an event with deaf authors and guest speakers. Over time, its popularity has grown. Now, the American Library Association
and the National Association of the Deaf are urging the government to declare it an official national event. Sign language is, in fact, the fourth most-used language in the United States. Read on to learn more about sign language and the events of Deaf History Month.
The following three events make the month significant.
Annually, the Library Friends Section of the National Association of the Deaf, founded by Alice Hagemeyer, promotes the month by encouraging libraries to plan deaf awareness activities. During this month, people are encouraged to recognize the deaf in their communities and to look back on the achievements of pioneers in deaf culture. The following is a list of those who contributed to the advancement of sign language.
Geronimo Cardano: A physician in Padua, Italy in the 16th century, Cardano proclaimed that deaf people could understand symbols by matching them with things they represented.
Abbe Charles Michel de L'Epee: In 1775, Abbe Charles Michel de L'Epee founded the first free school for deaf people in Paris, France. After observing the signs and gestures of deaf people in Paris, he created his own sign version of spoken French. He then taught students to communicate with gestures, hand signs and finger spelling.
Thomas Hopkins Gallaudet: A congregational minister from the United States, Gallaudet traveled to Europe in 1815 to study deaf communication. His goal was to help a neighbor's deaf daughter. When he returned, he founded the first school for deaf people in the U.S. It was called the American School for the Deaf and is located in Hartford, Connecticut.
Laurent Clerc: Laurent Clerc was a deaf sign language teacher at a school in Paris. When Gallaudet returned to the United States, Clerc accompanied him and became the first deaf sign language instructor in the U.S.
In addition to these influential figures, there are many famous people who have increased awareness of the condition. A few are listed below.
Ludwig van Beethoven: A German composer and pianist, Beethoven began to lose his hearing at the age of 28. By age 49, it was completely gone. During this time, Beethoven continued to compose music. He died in 1857 at the age of 57.
Helen Keller: Helen Keller was born in Tuscumbia, Alabama on June 27, 1880. Nineteen months after her birth, she fell ill and became blind and deaf. Her parents hired a teacher to show her how to use sign language and read Braille. She then traveled to 39 countries around the globe to speak about her experiences and raise money for organizations dedicated to helping the blind and deaf. Today, many institutes around the world honor her name in their titles.
Alexander Graham Bell: In addition to inventing the telephone, he worked to advance communication between deaf and hearing people. Perhaps, the fact that his mother and wife were both deaf fueled his dedication to the cause. Reportedly, he invented the microphone to assist those with hearing loss. He also taught deaf students at schools for the deaf, set up a library of information on deafness, and conducted the first national census of the deaf in 1890.
The accomplishments of these noteworthy people have indeed contributed to the widespread use of sign language today. In fact, there are now hundreds of sign language dialects around the world. Each culture has developed a unique form, compatible with its own spoken language. It you are interested in learning sign language, contact your local community center. Many schools offer sign language courses, as well. If the one in your district does not, consider petitioning the school board to introduce one. You can join the ranks of those listed above by helping to bridge the gap between the hearing and the hearing impaired.
It's the first warm day of the year. You throw back the curtains and wiggle the window frame, stiff like your joints from a long winter. The fresh air pours into your
lungs, and the scent of spring lingers in your nostrils. The breeze tousles your hair in a friendly greeting, and the rays of sun dance on your wooden tabletops, revealing a thick layer of - filth. That's right, filth. It's time for spring cleaning to commence. This year, consider going green for the annual scrub down. The benefits are innumerable.
Each year, the average American uses about 40 pounds of toxic household cleaning products. These products contain dangerous ingredients such as neurotoxins, carcinogens, allergens, central nervous system depressants and heavy metals. They enter the environment through various routes: they are flushed down toilets, poured down sinks, sprayed into the air, thrown into the trash, and dumped onto the ground. This contamination depletes the ozone layer, pollutes groundwater and soil, and harms plants and animals. Furthermore, the agents present in these cleaning products can endanger those in your household. According to the Global Health Center, they can cause or contribute to cancer, respiratory problems, reproductive abnormalities, allergic reactions, behavioral problems and other issues.
Here are some examples of hazardous ingredients commonly found in cleaning products:
So what does it mean to "go green" in terms of cleaning? It means cleaning with organic products that are free of harmful chemicals. Green cleaning companies are held to standards higher than federal or state regulations. However, even if a product claims to be "natural" or "organic," examine the label. Many products do not live up to their assertions, so it is important to be familiar with the hazardous substances listed above. You can also make your own cleaning products. All you need are a few inexpensive ingredients and information on how to combine them.
Basic Ingredients and Uses
Natural Cleaning Products You Can Make
In addition to using organic cleaning products, there are other ways that you can "go green" during spring cleaning. Check out some of these simple suggestions.
If you choose to follow these guidelines, you can make spring cleaning an eco-friendly routine. Protecting the environment and the health of your family, however, is not something limited to an annual weekend of cleaning when the warm weather arrives. The choices you make every day can help keep our earth a clean and safe place to live for our generation and those to come. Don't think twice. Go green.
As you turn your key in the ignition, you notice the hand on your fuel gauge nearing that dreaded red line beside the "E." It's that time again - time to fill up. If you drive a car, odds are you would like to learn how to save money on gas. Check out some of these suggestions.
Turn off the air conditioner.
Using the air conditioner increases fuel consumption by as much as 10 percent. Roll down your windows, instead. If you are traveling more than 60 mph, however, open windows increase drag. In this case, the air conditioner is a better choice.
Streamline
Make your car more aerodynamic by removing roof racks and bicycle carriers that create wind resistance.
Lighten your load
Remove excessive weight from your car. According to "547 Ways to be Fuel Smart" by Roger Albright, a reduction of 200 pounds typically improves fuel economy by nearly 5 percent.
Drive the speed limit
The faster you go, the more gas you use. According to transport authorities, driving 70 mph uses up to 9 percent more fuel than driving 60 mph and up to 15 percent more than driving 50 mph.
Drive smoothly
Acceleration and deceleration use the most fuel, so anticipate what is coming and gradually adjust your speed. On the open road, use cruise control to maintain a constant speed. Also, avoid rough surfaces, which increase fuel consumption by up to 30 percent. To comply with this tip, pretend grandma is in the back seat drinking coffee. You wouldn't want her to spill - or throw out her neck.
Plan ahead
If you are planning a road trip, leave early in the day when the traffic is light. Adjust your eating schedule if necessary, and stop for meals when the traffic gets heavy.
Don't let it idle
In the winter months, your car often needs time to warm up. Once it has warmed up, however, make sure it does not idle for more than a minute. Also, if you are waiting to pick someone up, turn off the car. Letting it idle uses more gas than turning off the vehicle and restarting it.
Don't rev the engine
Although it might make you feel cooler than John Travolta in Grease, refrain from revving the engine. It wastes fuel by pumping raw gasoline into the cylinder walls and washing away a film of oil that protects them.
Change the oil
Follow the manufacturer's recommendations for regular oil changes and tune-ups. Clean oil improves fuel consumption by reducing the wear caused by friction of moving engine parts.
Replace the air filter
Change your car's air filter regularly. A dirty filter results in less air flow, which puts more pressure on the engine and burns up more gas. A clogged filter can cost you 1 mpg.
Adjust the fan belt
Adjust the tension on the fan belt with a wrench. If the belt is too tight, it makes the engine work harder and uses up more gas. When the engine is not running, the belt should give a little to finger pressure.
Change the spark plugs
Spark plugs make a significant difference in the amount of gas mileage your car gets. In fact, worn out spark plugs can cost you 2 mpg. Changing spark plugs, however, is a job for trained technicians only.
Pump up the tires
Under-inflated tires cause rolling resistance that can cost you as much as 1 mpg. The recommended tire pressure for your car can usually be found on a plate located on the car door.
In addition to following these tips, start keeping a mileage record. It will help you know when it's time for a tune-up. Although filling your tank is inevitable, there are many ways you can reduce the amount of gas you use. By following the suggestions listed above, you can protect the environment, ease your financial burden, and slow the gauge's inevitable arc toward "E."
It's the one day of the year that you can get away with almost anything - April Fools' Day. Here are some ideas for harmless pranks and practical jokes to pull on your family, friends or co-workers.